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A Draft Framework to Guide and Monitor
Disaster Risk Reduction |
The International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) Secretariat and UNDP are
developing a framework for understanding, guiding and monitoring
disaster risk reduction at
all levels. The ultimate goal of this collective and iterative endeavour
is to encourage and
increase appropriate, effective disaster reduction practices. |
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Introductory note
Benefits
By
systematically compiling information about disaster
reduction initiatives using an agreed framework benefits
are expected to include abilities to:
- Relate
and integrate disaster risk management issues into
sustainable development;
- Establish generic standards and guidelines for
disaster reduction;
- Help establish priorities within the domain of
disaster reduction;
- Develop systematic, comprehensive data and
information about disaster reduction;
Provide a basis for research in disaster reduction;
- Compare approaches and analyze trends;
Identify existing gaps and address them through
new or improved programmes, policies, or
plans;
The
process should result in an increased commitment
by governments and other stakeholders for disaster
risk reduction. The process will draw from, and feed
into, existing practices, institutional and policy-making
/ planning processes. It strives to be transparent
and engage as many actors as possible in the development
and testing of the framework, starting by addressing
the international community, with the objective of
reaching national and local levels.
Users
will include decision-makers in Governments and agencies,
project managers, researchers, NGO's, communities
and educators
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The framework
is provided as a starting point an initial
core set of principles and goals to understand, and thus guide
and monitor, disaster risk reduction. As one reads to the right
across the framework in any thematic area and component, the
columns suggest increasingly specific descriptions and measures
in a systematic
fashion, with the aim to define related benchmarks. (It is difficult
to characterize this column without making special reference
to the type of hazards affecting your unit of analysis (region,
country,
community, etc.) Nevertheless, these criteria are kept at a generic
level).
All stakeholders are invited to contribute their experience and
participate in the refinement of the course of action needed
to develop the framework. In particular, views and concrete recommendations
are invited on:
- The process and added value of the framework, its uses and users, its benefits,
as well as potential challenges;
- The proposed thematic areas, components and characteristics;
- How can progress achieved in disaster risk reduction be monitored
and assessed.
Objectives
- The objectives of the consultative process to develop a framework
are to:
Develop a wider and increased understanding of disaster
risk reduction practices and enhance their effectiveness.
Users at any level should be able to adapt
and utilize it according to their own needs and specific situation;
- Identify the elements of disaster reduction so that achievements
can be recorded systematically and compared over time;
- Define benchmarks and other indicators that can be used to
monitor efforts and assess progress in disaster risk
reduction.
The UN and international community is the first target audience.
By increasing its own performance in managing and co-ordinating
its responsibilities related to disaster reduction within the wider
development context, it will better serve other actors along the
chain.
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Draft framework to understand, guide and monitor disaster risk
reduction |
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THEMATIC
AREA 1: POLITICAL COMMITMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS (GOVERNANCE)
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Thematic
areas/ Components
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Characteristics
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Criteria
for benchmarks (very
tentative)
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ScaleIntl Reginl
Natinl Local
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Data
Availablty
Measure
feasibility
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Who
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Political
commitment |
Policy
and planning
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- Shift
in approach from response to risk reduction
- Promotion
of disaster reduction including in reconstruction process
- Integration
of risk reduction in development planning and sectoral
policies (poverty eradication, social protection, sustainable
development, climate change adaptation, desertification,
energy, natural resource management, etc)
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- National
risk reduction strategy
- Percentage
of GDP invested
- Disaster
reduction in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
- Participation
in regional and international activities, programmes,
networks and structures (including major conventions)
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Legislation |
- Laws,
acts and regulations
- Accountability
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Resources |
- Resource
mobilization and allocation: financial (innovative and
alternative funding, taxes, incentives), human, technical,
material
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- Percentage
of budget allocation
- Experienced
staff
- Administrative
evidence
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Institutional
aspects |
Organizational
structures |
- Interministerial,
multidisciplinary & multisectoral approaches
- Implementing
and coordinating mechanisms
- Decentralization,
civil society and community participation, local institutions
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- Existence
of disaster reduction committees or platforms with
defined scope and activities
- Periodic
review of committee activities and accomplishments
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Normative
framework |
- Codes,
standards, norms
- Enactment
mechanisms
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- Existence
of systems to control compliance and enforcement · Requirement of
compliance by law
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THEMATIC
AREA 2: RISK
IDENTIFICATION
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Thematic
areas/ Components
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Characteristics
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Criteria
for benchmarks (very
tentative)
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ScaleIntl Reginl
Natinl Local
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Data
Availablty
Measure
feasibility
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Who
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Risk
assessment |
- Hazard
analysis: characteristics, impacts, historical and spatial
distribution, multi-hazard assessments, hazard monitoring
including of emerging hazards
- Vulnerability
and capacity assessment: social, economic, physical and
environmental, political, cultural factors
- Risk
monitoring capabilities, risk maps, risk scenarios
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- Hazard
maps
- Historical
record of hazards and their impacts (catalogues, inventories)
- Vulnerability
and capacity indicators developed and systematically
mapped and recorded
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Impact
assessments |
- Loss/impact
assessment,
- Socio-economic
and environmental impact assessment
- Loss
analysis
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- Percentage
of development projects and investment based on independent
risk and environmental impacts assessments, including
in post disaster phases
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Forecasting
and early warning systems |
- Forecast
and prediction
- Warning
processing and dissemination
- Response
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- Use
effectiveness indicators developed by IATF WG2 (to
be available in October 2003)
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THEMATIC
AREA 3: KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
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Thematic
areas/ Components
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Characteristics
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Criteria
for benchmarks (very
tentative)
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ScaleIntl Reginl
Natinl Local
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Data
Availablty
Measure
feasibility
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Who
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Information
management and communication |
- Official
information and dissemination programmes and channels
- Public
and private information systems (including disaster,
hazard and risk databases & websites) and networks
for disaster risk management (scientific, technical and
applied information, traditional knowledge), timely end
user products
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- Documentation
and databases on disasters
- Professionals
and public networks
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Education
and training |
- Inclusion
of disaster reduction from basic to higher education
(curricula, material development and institutions)
- Vocational
training
- Dissemination
and use of traditional/ indigenous knowledge.
- Community
training programmes.
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- Referenced
educational material
- Number
of courses and institutions
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Public
awareness |
- Official
public awareness policy and programmes with associated
material, guidelines and instructions
- Media
involvement in communicating risk
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- Coverage
of disaster reduction related activities by media
- Visibility
of disaster reduction day
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Research |
- Comprehensive
research agenda for risk reduction
- Related
methodological development including for planning and
progress assessment
- Regional
and international cooperation in research, science and
technology development.
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THEMATIC
AREA 4: RISK
MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
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Thematic
areas/ Components
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Characteristics
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Criteria
for benchmarks (very
tentative)
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ScaleIntl Reginl
Natinl Local
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Data
Availablty
Measure
feasibility
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Who
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Environmental
and natural resource management |
- Interface
between environmental management and risk reduction practices,
in particular in wetland and watershed protection and restoration,
integrated water resource management; reforestation, agricultural
practices, ecosystem conservation
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- Use
of wetland or forestry management to reduce flood risk
- Trends
in deforestation rate
- Use
of environmental impact assessments in disaster reduction
planning
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Social
and economic development practice |
- Social
protection and safety nets (social solidarity strategies,
e.g. PRSPs)
- Financial
instruments (involvement of financial sector in disaster
reduction: insurance/reinsurance, risk spreading instruments
for public infrastructure and private assets, micro-credit
and finance, revolving community funds, social funds)
- Sustainable
livelihoods strategies
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- Percentage
of poor population having access to social protection
and safety nets
- Use
of safety nets and social protection programmes in recovery
process
- Extent
of insurance coverage.
- Coverage
of micro-finance services in high disaster risk area,
evidence of take up
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Technical
measure |
- Land
use planning, urban and regional planning
- Implementation
and control mechanisms for specific risk (construction,
infrastructure, desertification and flood control techniques,
hazard control structures)
- Compliance
with international standards, codes and norms
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- Reduced
percentage of construction or building projects in floodplains
and other mapped hazard- prone areas
- Enforcement
of zoning plans
- Percentage
of official buildings in compliance with standards (heath
facilities, schools, lifelines, energy supplies, other
critical facilities)
- Retrofitting
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THEMATIC
AREA 5: PREPAREDNESS
AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
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Thematic
areas/ Components
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Characteristics
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Criteria
for benchmarks (very
tentative)
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ScaleIntl Reginl
Natinl Local
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Data
Availablty
Measure
feasibility
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Who
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- Effective
communication and coordination system between response
entities
- Contingency
planning
- Preparedness
planning
- Logistics,
infrastructure
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- Emergency
response networks and plans (national/local, private/public),
regularly updated and tested
- Coverage
of community training and community based preparedness
- Emergency
funds and stocks
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